Preliminary Pharmacognosnostic
and Physicochemical Evaluation of Aerial Parts of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.
Rajiv Kukkar*, Mona R. Kukkar and Ajay K. Saluja
ABSTRACT:
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.an extensive perennial climber with
large, ovoid and tubrerous roots. Present paper deals
with preliminary pharmacognostic and physicochemical
evaluation of aerial part of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. to establish authenticity and possibly
to help to distinguish this species from other species. The study includes
preparation of different extracts by successive solvent extraction for detail
analysis. Fluorescence analysis of different successive extracts and powder
were observed under UV light and normal ordinary light, which signifies their
characteristics. Different physicochemical parameters such as ash value,
extractive values and loss on drying were carried out as per WHO recommended
physicochemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures.
Preliminary qualitative chemical test for different extract showed the presence
of Phytosterols,
Saponins, Carbohydrates, Resins and Fixed oils and
Fats.
KEYWORDS: Ipomoea
eriocarpa R.Br. Pharmacognostic
characterization, Florescence characters, Physicochemical characters.
INTRODUCTION:
Though the traditional Indian
System of Medicine has a long history of use, they lacked adequate scientific
documentation, particularly in light modern scientific knowledge.1
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.an extensive belongs to the family Convolvulaceae is a slender, twinning annual herb of
grassland, waste spaces and a weed of cultivation. The seeds of the plant are
used as vegetable which are nutritious with 22% proteins, 10% fat oil, 44%
carbohydrate. It is commonly known as Sheetavalli in Ayurveda, Nakhari in Sanskrit, Bhanwarvel in Gujarati and Bhanwar
in Punjabi. The whole plant is used medicinally in Ayurveda,
Siddha and other traditional medicinal system for
curing various ailments. The plant is reported to use in headache, rheumatism,
leprosy, epilepsy, ulcer and fevers.2
The Leaves and stems are
eaten as vegetables. The seeds are reported to conatain
a resin.3
The present study is designed
to explore the preliminary pharmacognostic and
physicochemical analysis of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. plant which are responsible for its
pharmacological properties.
Table 1: Physicochemical characterization of
aerial part of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.
|
Sr. no. |
WHO Parameters |
Averege values (% w/w) |
|
1 |
Total ash |
7.67 |
|
2 |
Acid insoluble ash |
0.85 |
|
3 |
Water soluble ash |
2.61 |
|
4 |
Alcohol extractive value |
21.53 |
|
5 |
Water extractive value |
10.47 |
|
6 |
Loss on drying |
6.8 |
Table 2: Florescence characteristic of
aerial parts of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.
|
Sr. no. |
Particulars of the treatment |
Under ordinary light |
Under UV light (366 nm) |
|
1 |
Powder as such |
Dark green |
Brick red |
|
2 |
Powder + 1N NaoH (aqueous) |
Green |
Brick red |
|
3 |
Powder + 1N NaoH
(alcoholic) |
Dark green |
Reddish green |
|
4 |
Powder + 1N HCL |
Blackish green |
Chocolate brown |
|
5 |
Powder + H2SO4 |
Green |
Brown |
|
6 |
Powder + HNO3 |
Yellow |
Orange |
|
7 |
Powder + Ammonia |
Greenish yellow |
Greenish yellow |
|
8 |
Powder + Iodine |
Dark brown |
Brown |
|
9 |
Powder + 5% Fecl3 |
Dark yellowish |
Dark brown |
|
10 |
Powder + Acetic acid |
Light green |
Orange |
Table 3: Preliminary phytoprofile
of aerial parts of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.
|
Sr. no. |
Solvent used |
Color Consistency |
% Yield (%w/w) |
|
1 |
Petroleum
ether(60-800c) |
Green sticky |
1.4 |
|
2 |
Toluene |
Dark green
sticky |
0.6 |
|
3 |
Chloroform |
Dark green
sticky |
0.18 |
|
4 |
Acetone |
Dark green
sticky |
0.99 |
|
5 |
Methanol |
Dark green nonsticky |
7.07 |
|
6 |
Water |
Brown nonsticky |
1.5 |
Table 4: Phytochemical analysis of aerial
part of Ipomoea eriocarpa
R.Br.
|
Phytochemicals |
Pet ether extract |
Benzene extract |
Chloroform Extract |
Acetone extract |
Methanol extract |
Water extract |
|
1.Steroids A.Liebermann’s test B.Liebermann-Burchard’test |
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
_ _ |
|
2.Carbohydrates A.Molisch’s reagent B.Fehling solution C.Barfoed’s test |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
+ + + |
+ + + |
|
3.Flavones A.shinoda test |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
+ |
+ |
|
4. saponins A. foam test |
+ |
+ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
_ |
|
5.Tannins A.Ferric chloride solution B.Lead acetate solution |
_ _ |
_ _ |
_ _ |
_ _ |
+ + |
+ + |
|
6. Alkaloid A. Dragondroff test B. Mayer test C. Hager test |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
_ _ _ |
|
7. Proteins and amino acid A.Millon’s reagent B.Biuret test |
_ _ |
_ _ |
_ _ |
_ _ |
+ + |
+ + |
(+ Present, - Absent)
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Aerial parts of Ipomoea eriocarpa
R.Br. were collected from campus of New Vallabh Vidyanagar in September and were authentified
by Taxonomist, Department of Biosciences, S P University, V.V. Nagar. Aerial
parts were shed dried and powdered to 40-mesh size. The physicochemical
parameters were determined as per WHO guidelines.1 Fluorescence analysis was carried out according to the
reported method.4,5 Powdered material was successively extracted
with petroleum ether 60-800, benzene, chloroform, acetone, methanol
in Soxhlet’s apparatus and subsequently extracted
with water. These extracts were subjected for qualitative chemical examination
of various phyto- constituents.6,7
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS:
Physicochemical
values and Fluorescence characters of the aerial parts of powder under ordinary
light and UV light (UV 366 nm) were determined (Table 1, 2). Ash values of drug
(7.67%) revealed the presence of earthy matter or the inorganic composition and
other impurities etc. Further acid insoluble ash value (0.85%) indicates the
contamination with silicious material i.e. sand.
However water soluble ash value (2.61%) revealed the water soluble salts in the
ash of drug. All these values are within the normal limit.
Solvent
extraction values determine the amount of active constituents in a given amount
of medicinal plant material when extracted with solvents. Extractive values are
primarily useful for the determination of exhausted or adulterated drugs. Higher alcohol extractive value (21.53 %) for
this plant indicated that more amounts of active constituents are soluble in
alcohol than water (Water soluble extractive value 10.47 %) (Table-3). Loss on
drying determines both water and volatile matter in the aerial part of Ipomoea eriocarpa
R.Br. Excess moisture can result in the breakdown of important constituents by
enzymatic activity and may encourage the growth of yeast and fungi during
storage. Loss on drying value for this plant revealed drug was correctly
prepared and stored.
Preliminary
phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Phytosterols,
Saponins, Resins, Carbohydrates, Fixed oils and Fats
and however it was devoid of Alkaloids (table-4).
Studies on
physicochemical constants and phytochemical screening can serve as a valuable
source of information and provide suitable standards to determine the quality
of this plant material in future investigations or applications.
CONCLUSION
The present
study on preliminary pharmacognostic and
phytochemical evaluation of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. plant
could be used as the diagnostic tool for the standardization of medicinal
plant. WHO parameters as per WHO guideline discussed here, can be considered as
the identifying parameters to substantiate and authenticate the drug.
REFERENCES:
1. World Health Organisation, Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant
Materials, WHO, Geneva, 1998.
2. The wealth of India:Raw materials vol 5,
National Institute of Science Communication, CSIR, New Delhi.pp.248-249.
3. Kirtikar KR and Basu BD, Indian medicinal plants, Vol.III, International
book distributors, Dehradun.pp.1728-1729.
4. Chase CR and Pratt
RJ, Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs with particular reference to
development of a system of identification, J.Am.Pharmacol.Assoc.
38, 1949, pp.32.
5. Kokate CK, Practical
Pharmacognosy, 1st ed. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, 1986b, pp.111.
6. Harborne JB, Methods of
extraction and isolation. In: Phytochemical Methods.Champman
and Hall, London, 1998, pp.60-66.
7. Brain KR and Turner
TD, The Practical Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals,
Wright-Scientechnica. Bristol, 1975b, pp.36-45.
Received on 30.04.2011
Accepted on 31.08.2011
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemistry. 3(6): Nov. - Dec. 2011, 275-277